Comparative And Critical Review About Thiazole Derivatives In Diabetic Patients, Hepatic Versus Pancreatic Effects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51173/ijmhs.v2i2.59Keywords:
Thiazole, Liver, Pancreas, Diabetes, Oxidative StressAbstract
Background: Thiazole and its derivatives have a wide positive effect in treating diabetes, but studies comparing the extent of the effect of these compounds on each organ are still limited.
Objective of study: The current research aimed to compare effectiveness and the mechanisms by which Thiazole and their derivatives compounds exert effects on pancreatic versus hepatic pathways, integrating mechanistic and clinical findings with translational observations to guide dual-pathway drug design.
Materials and Methods: Non-systematic qualitative review of in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and in silico research (2000–2024), evaluating strengths, weaknesses, safety outcomes, and knowledge gaps. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched.
Results: Pancreatic derivatives achieved satisfactory glycemic control (↑ insulin up to 4-fold; ↓ glucose up to 35.9%) and β-cell protection with greater variability. Hepatic drugs presented more enduring changes (↑ C-peptide to 48.6%; enhanced insulin sensitivity; lowered ALT, AST, MDA; raised SOD, CAT, GSH). Liver-targeted therapies have stronger clinical evidence, and pancreatic therapies have more conclusive mechanistic evidence but with smaller populations. Safety profiles, toxicity, and tolerability were less consistently reported and should be more standardized in their measurement.
Conclusion: Previous studies have recorded evidence of cross-effects caused by thiazole and its derivatives on humans, showing a rapid response in the pancreas manifested by a decrease in blood sugar levels, and a slow response in the liver to achieve metabolic stability. Therefore, it is recommended to follow a strategy that represents both pathways, measured by a set of biomarkers and subjected to strict evaluations, as well as long-term studies on the liver and pancreas. Future experiments can establish the fundamentals for utilizing drugs in which thiazole is a key component to improve treatment and reduce side effects and long-term outcomes.
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